中國(guó)于2001年末加入了世界貿(mào)易組織，因此要遵守世界貿(mào)易組織的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、國(guó)民待遇等原則。企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不僅表現(xiàn)為國(guó)內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且最重要的是國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

　目前，中國(guó)有實(shí)力的大企業(yè)積極 開(kāi)拓國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，實(shí)行跨國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略。在中國(guó)企業(yè)走向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，大批國(guó)際跨國(guó)公司紛紛在中國(guó)投資，設(shè)立經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)，成為外資流入中國(guó)的主要形式。同時(shí)，中國(guó)政府為了鼓勵(lì)外商投資也采取了各種優(yōu)惠措施。

　通曉外語(yǔ)、具有國(guó)際化運(yùn)作經(jīng)驗(yàn)、掌握國(guó)際運(yùn)作規(guī)則的人成為企業(yè)爭(zhēng)奪的焦點(diǎn)。

　為適應(yīng)加入WTO的需要，在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下建立起來(lái)的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)制度紛紛被廢止和更新，新的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則逐步建立和完善。

　中國(guó)人的思想意識(shí)也逐步趨于開(kāi)放和國(guó)際化。能夠從世界的角度來(lái)看待和分析問(wèn)題，并且更加 善于學(xué)習(xí)和接受新鮮事物。

　英：報(bào)關(guān)員教材

　Following are some of the common terms you are likely to hear in any discussion about the global economy:

　Balance of trade

　 Difference in trade (value of a country’s import and export of merchandise), expressed as a monetary figure, between any two countries or any two regions. If country A imports more than they export to country B, then country A has a deficit in their balance of trade with country B, whereas country B has a surplus in their balance of trade with country A.

　WTO

　 World Trade Organization, established in 1995, is responsible formonitoring national trading policies, handling trade disputes, and enforcing the GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) agreements, which are designed to reduce tariffs and other barriers to international trade and to eliminate discriminatory treatment in international commerce.

　Competitive advantage

　 A nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade. Companies gain advantage against the world’s best competitors because of pressure and challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers, and demanding local customers. Competitive advanta

　Free trade

　 Trade or commerce carried on without such restrictions as import duties, export bounties, domestic production subsidies, trade quotas, or import licenses. The basic argument for free trade is based on the economic theory of comparative advantage: each region should concentrate on what it can produce most cheaply and efficiently and should exchange its products for　　 those it is less able to produce economically.

　Capital flow

　 Movement of large sums of money from one country to another to seek higher rates of return and for investment purposes.

　GNP

　 Gross National Product, total value of goods and services produced in an economy over a particular period of time, usually 1 year. The GNP growth rate is the primary indicator of the status of the economy. Made up of consumer and government purchases, private, domestic and foreign investments, and the total value of exports.

　GDP

　 Gross Domestic Product, same as GNP, with the exception that the total value of goods and services excludes foreign investments and the total value of exports.

　Repatriation of profits

　 Return of the financial assets or generated income of an organization or individual from a foreign country to the home country.

　Tariffs

　 Tax on imports or exports usually imposed to raise revenue or to protect domestic firms from import competition. May also be designed to correct an imbalance of payments. The money collected under tariffs is called duty or customs duty.

　

　以下是一些探討全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的常用術(shù)語(yǔ)：

　進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易差額

　兩國(guó)或兩地區(qū)之間以貨幣量來(lái)表示的貿(mào)易差額（一國(guó)貿(mào)易額也即該國(guó)的商品進(jìn)出口總額）。如果A國(guó)對(duì)B國(guó)的進(jìn)口總額大于出口總額 ，那么A國(guó)與B國(guó)的貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)了貿(mào)易逆差，而B(niǎo)國(guó)則出現(xiàn)貿(mào)易順差。

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