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這一篇是經(jīng)典外刊《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》今天剛發(fā)來的最新文章。講的是關(guān)稅后，中國進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易受到怎么樣的影響。按照常理分析，美國最為中國最大的客戶，中國的出口應(yīng)該受到巨大影響，但是實際并非如此。美國在對中國抬高了門檻的時候，中國也找到了新的領(lǐng)域。

這篇文章生詞不多，也沒有什么復(fù)雜的長難句。大家可以讀一下增加一下語感，也順帶了解一下貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)方面的情況。有幾個寫作好用的詞匯和句式我會在微博（九月美語）里面分享。




Life after tariffs

關(guān)稅后的生活

Trade war? China’s exporters have expanded their global market share

貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)？中國出口商擴(kuò)大了全球市場份額

As America raises its walls, Chinese companies find new terrain

當(dāng)美國加高城墻時，中國公司找到了新的領(lǐng)域

· terrain /t?'ren/ n. 地形，地勢，地帶

Print edition | Finance and economics

A year ago an economic forecasting unit in the Chinese government published an outlook for the coming year. The big worry, it concluded, was the external environment. Shipments to America, China’s biggest customer,would suffer as the trade war dragged on. China had maxed out its exports to other big countries, and others were too small to make a difference.

· shipment n. 我們熟知的意思是船運、水運，這里是“貨物”的意思

· drag on 拖延

一年前，中國政府的一個經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測部門發(fā)表了對未來一年的展望。報告最后說，最大的擔(dān)心是外部環(huán)境。隨著貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的持續(xù)，運往美國（中國最大的客戶）的貨物將受到影響。中國對其他大國的出口已經(jīng)達(dá)到最大化，而其他國家太小，無法發(fā)揮作用。

So China’s boffins are, like many others, surprised by how things have gone. Exports to America are indeed down, by nearly 15% so far this year. But exports to the rest of the world have been much stronger (see chart).China, it turns out, had more to sell to its big customers: exports to Europeare on track to surpass exports to America this year. Meanwhile exports to smaller markets in South-East Asia, such as Vietnam and Malaysia, have boomed.

· boffin /?bɑf?n/ n. <英俚>研究員，技術(shù)專家，科學(xué)工作者

· on track 步入正軌，走上正軌

· boom v. 激增，繁榮昌盛

所以，和許多其他人一樣，中國的研究人員對事情的發(fā)展感到驚訝。對美國的出口的確下降的，今年到目前為止下降了近15%。但對世界其他地區(qū)的出口卻更強勁了（見圖表）。事實證明，中國有許多東西可以賣給大客戶：今年對歐洲的出口有望超過對美國的出口。與此同時，對越南和馬來西亞等東南亞較小市場的出口也在蓬勃發(fā)展。

According to data from cpb World Trade Monitor,China’s share of global exports has reached 11.9%, slightly higher than in July 2018, when the first American tariffs hit. Sluggish imports—in part because of a domestics low down—mean the trade surplus is set to be about a quarter bigger in 2019 than in 2018.

· sluggish adj. 蕭條的，行動遲緩的

· surplus /'s?pl?s/ n. 過剩，剩余，順差

根據(jù)《世界貿(mào)易檢測》CPB的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國在全球出口中所占份額已經(jīng)達(dá)到了11.9%，略高于2018年7月美國首次征收關(guān)稅時的水平。在一定程度是由于國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩導(dǎo)致的疲軟意味著2019年的貿(mào)易順差要比2018年增加約四分之一。

One explanation for China’s resilient exports is the yuan’s 6% depreciation against the dollar since the trade war began. That has blunted the tariffs’ impact. China’s currency has also weakened against other major trading partners.

· resilient /r?'z?l??nt/adj. 彈性的

· depreciation /d?,pri??'e??n/n.貶值，跌價（與之相反的是appreciation增值）

· blunt v. 使減弱，使降低效應(yīng)

對中國彈性出口的一個解釋是，自貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)以來，人民幣對美元貶值了6%。這就削弱了關(guān)稅帶來的影響。人民幣對其他主要貿(mào)易伙伴的匯率也有所下降。

A second is goods routed through other countries to avoid tariffs. Some sent to South-East Asia have ended up in America. Vietnamese customs officials have stepped up checks of everything from seafood to aluminium to ensure that they are not relabelled Chinese goods. Julian Evans-Pritchard of Capital Economics, a research firm,estimates that American tariffs have cut Chinese gdp growth by about 0.6 percentage points, but that trans-shipments through South-East Asia may have lifted it back up by 0.3 percentage points.

· step up 增加，提升

第二種解釋的通過往其他國家的貨物來避免關(guān)稅。一些被發(fā)往東南亞的貨物最終還是來到了美國。越南海關(guān)官員已經(jīng)加強了從海鮮到鋁的所有商品的檢查，以確保這些商品不會被重新貼上中國商品的標(biāo)簽。研究公司Capital Economics的Julian Evans Pritchard估計，美國海關(guān)使中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長下降了約0.6個百分點，但通過東南亞的轉(zhuǎn)口運輸可能使其回升了0.3個百分點。

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